Below the Clouds is the result of the director's near four year sojourn in and around Naples so, as you'd expect, it spreads out in a number of directions, rather like the contents of Vesuvius, which dominates the city's skyline and its history.
Shot in spectacular black and white, the film is a meditation on the cultural impact of Vesuvius - it hasn't erupted since 1944 - in contrast to the lesser known but more active Campi Flegrei - or Phlegrean Fields - volcano. Its more famous relative is perhaps best known for the destruction of Pompeii in AD79, and visitors to the local museum are seen regarding the tragic victims, their bodies encased in and preserved by lava.
Tourists are led underground to see the antiquities grouped around the structure of the famous Amphitheatre, while others witness the results of the raiding of the tombs and palatial houses for profit. Japanese scientists visit the site to continue the painstaking process of digging through hitherto unexplored layers, fully expecting to uncover further important archeological finds.
Rosi interweaves this activity with the day to day life of the area. A ship imports massive amounts of grain from Ukraine, the mounds themselves resembling volcanoes. The vessel's crew, including a Syrian, are not happy to have to return to the war torn country after unloading. Despatches from a local emergency services department show familiar problems with bored youths setting off fires, domestic abuse and isolated voices expressing the very real fears about tremors experienced from Campi Flegrei; the locals generally don't seem too concerned with their area's history.
A huge cloak of sadness descends over this documentary (the title is taken from a quote by Cocteau; “Vesuvius makes all the clouds in the world”). Naples is shown as a shadow city, all night time train rides, empty cinemas and antiquities picked out by torchlight; we're far from the Italy of Rossellini or even Fellini here. Its near two hour running time, soporific pace and repetitive sequencing make Below the Clouds a far from an easy watch, but a beautiful and elegiac one.
Don't get me wrong; it's great that Obenhaus and Poitras's movie has been picked up for streaming, the more views the better, but I can't help feeling that the object of the documentary may have been less than pleased with the method of distribution.
Hersch, or Sy as he's known throughout, is an uncompromising writer whose refusal to back down has, over the years, made him a hated figure for Presidents, the CIA and just about anybody in power in the US involved in the suppression of truth.
A bright and gifted student whose talents were recognised at an early age, after a spell on crime reporting Sy's first major work was an expose of the 1969 My Lai massacre in Vietnam. A long forgotten atrocity in which up to 500 innocent men, women and children were murdered by American troops during the war, Hersch looked into the initial verdict on the atrocity, which sought to place the blame on one infantryman, and discovered a massive cover up by the U.S. army and the then government, who had initially tried to explain the killings as a move against the Viet Cong army.
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| (l-r) Laure Bonville (BFI), Laura Poitras, Sy Hersch and Mark Obenhaus at LFF |
Cover Up shows, mainly through archive footage and some often tense face to face interviews with the documentary makers, the extent of Hersch's reach and his inability to take the path of least resistance. Uncomfortable with being front and centre - he'd rather other voices speak through his journalism - his surprise appearance at a Q&A following the LFF screening demonstrated his unshifting pessimism about world leaders and events. The documentary shows Sy, still working at 88, receiving intel on activity in Gaza and strongly protecting his sources in the course of his work. Cover Up cannot hope to cover the extent of Hersch's often messy career even over two hours, but makes the case that we should all be a bit more Sy in terms of how we receive information provided to us by Governments.
Her latest certainly ticks the first box, but is set in the early 1970s, although anyone hoping for period accuracy clearly hasn't seen any of her previous movies. Clara Pacini, in her first feature role, plays Jeanne, a young girl keen to escape the orphanage where she lives after the death of her mother.
Jeanne's wanderings see her missing the last bus home, escaping a lecherous man who gives her a lift, and finding another girl's discarded handbag, which contains identity documents. Seizing on this, Jeanne renames herself Bianca and, seeking shelter, steals into an abandoned facility that turns out to be a film studio.
The production in progress is an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen’s The Snow Queen, with the divaish Cristina (Marion Cotillard) in the central role. Bianca quickly becomes enamoured with the mercurial star, spying on her as she creeps around the studio; in turn Cristina notices Bianca and a friendship of sorts begins, until events quickly escalate.
Beneath the stunning wintry design lies a rather disturbing tale about age and vulnerability. The characters of Jeanne/Bianca and Cristina are kept consciously unfocused; in the former's case, the tragic death of her mother has clearly traumatised the young girl, who possibly sees in Cristina a substitute maternal figure. Cristina is a flawed soul, addicted to narcotics (administered by Max, a sinister doctor figure played by August Diehl) and as a result capricious and venal. The fairytale in which both characters feature - the 'Snow Queen' project acts as a film within a film - is also a springboard for some time shifts; as a result something which could be perceived as whimsical and peripheral is given a dark, disturbing heart, germane to all the best fairy tales.
Kornyev (Aleksandr Kuznetsov) is a young, principled investigator/prosecutor, his role to investigate potential miscarriages of justice. A letter from a prisoner, Stepniak (Aleksandr Filippenko) has found its way into Kornyev's hands; it shouldn't have, as an opening scene shows many such letters, written by other prisoners complaining about the trumped up circumstances of their incarcerations, being swept up and burned. This particular letter suggests authenticity in that it was written in the prisoner's own blood.
Kornyev travels to meet the prisoner and agrees to take the case. But this means dealing with the Kafkaesque nightmare of Stalinist Russia and the administrative legerdemain encountered in seeking justice.
Loznitsa's film is superb in its recreation of a world entirely constructed to obfuscate and wear down any opposition. No voices are raised but there's violence in the enforced indolence of the systems at work. At one point Kornyev, seeking approval for the investigation, is kept waiting for an excruciatingly long time; the camera stays on him while others in the waiting room are seen first. It is only the audience's knowledge that there is a case to answer that stops us willing the lawyer to drop his investigation, because the film carries such a weight of inevitability as to the end point of the whole thing.
The banality of evil at work in the film recalled Jonathan Glazer's 2023 The Zone of Interest, and Loznitsa creates a similarly hermetically sealed world whose violence and oppression is present but barely glimpsed. It's a draining piece and won't be for everybody, but is a stunning, and impeccably styled exercise.
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