Friday 31 May 2019

Level 16 (Canada 2018: Dir Danika Asterhazy)

In Asterhazy's downbeat, austere and time unspecific sci fi drama we are introduced to a group of girls who all live in a confined facility, The Vestalis Academy, composed of a number of different floor levels. The young women follow a strict code of behaviour and activity which governs their every move as they 'graduate' to successive levels under the wary eye of the uptight Miss Brixil (Sara Canning): two of their number, Sophia (Celina Martin) and Viven (Katie Douglas) have, contrary to the rules, formed a friendship which is tested when, occupying level 10, Vivien is punished for helping Sophia and stepping out of line in the nightly washing ritual as a result. The nature of this punishment is not specified but is severe enough to make Vivien colder and more ruthless, hinting at something more sinister behind the seemingly benevolent setup.

Six years later Vivien, now 16, has with a number of others been selected to move to the highest floor of the facility, appropriately level 16 - one for each year of their lives. It is here we learn that the girls will complete their moral devotions and prepare for adoption: for this is an orphanage, and the girls are being trained to take their place as dutiful 'daughters' in wealthy families and, for the first time, venture into the outside world and even 'see the sky.' On Level 16 Sophia and Vivien meet again, and gradually renew their friendship. But Sophia has a message for Vivien that all is not as it seems in the orphanage: it seems that there's a more sinister purpose behind the setup.

Anyone who has read or seen adaptations of either Margaret Atwood's 'The Handmaid's Tale' or Kazuo Ishiguro's 'Never Let Me Go' will probably guess the dark heart of this movie quite early on: and in truth Level 16 is a movie combining elements of both. But that's not to say that within its obviously limited budget it doesn't retain interest. The setting, a grim network of grey rooms and corridors, suggests that Michael Radford's bleak 1984 adaptation of George Orwell's novel of the same name may also have been an influence.

Asterhazy wisely focuses on her cast rather than their dramatically limited surroundings, and there's a stunning central performance from Katie Douglas as Vivien, who moves from self appointed top girl status to a frightened young woman as the extent of the Academy's true purpose becomes known. The rest of the cast are affecting in their buttoned up-ness, their closed rank conformity only betrayed by their frightened eyes; there's a great moment when, on level 16, each of the girls is given a dress with their name written on a sash; Vivien hold hers up and asks "What does it say?" Knowing that the expert tuition of the girls doesn't include learning to read is a chilling moment.

Despite its influences Level 16 emerges as a credible film in its own right. Creepy, occasionally rather lyrical and at times deeply disturbing, it's an assured movie that knows its own limits and works effectively within them. Definitely worth a look.

Level 16 is available on digital platforms from 27th May 2019.

Tuesday 21 May 2019

Fonotune: An Electric Fairytale (USA/Japan/Germany 2018: Dir FINT)

There's more than a whiff of early Jim Jarmusch about this achingly cool end of the world sci fi film, a first feature by the Bavarian born FINT (aka Fabian Huebner).

Partly filmed in the arid gypsum wastes of the White Sands National Monument in New Mexico, the story, as much as there is one, involves a number of characters who randomly collide with each other on their way to witness the last gig by guitar hero Blitz. They include Mono (played by the director), the prostitute Stereo (Yûho Yamashita) - who are introduced to each other by a film within the film, 'Hi Fi Love in 6 Chapters'  - Analog (Kazushe Watanabe), biker Bubblegum (Kiki Sukezane) and a naked girl (Jiwoon Ha) whose nether areas are pixellated out, possibly referencing Japan's habit of censoring explicit nudity on film.

All the characters are tuned in - via enormous headphones and antennae - to the last station running, presided over by the appropriately named Radio (Yusuke Yamasake). Eventually, after a lot of walking about in and around brutalist architecture, they find their quest, Blitz (real life rock god Guitar Wolf) who delivers his finest performance as the rockets (or are they missiles?) fly in the background.

Fonotune is pretty much dialogue free and despite its stunning white on white visuals (Chris Cunningham's breathtaking video for 'All is Full of Love' is a good comparison), quite a slog, even at 70 minutes. The soundtrack is arguably the best thing about this, full of spiky synths and skewed pop songs: and while FINT's intention is to deliver a film which is all about the mood rather than any specific story, cool visuals and hipper than thou stylings will only get you so far; it's like an extended music video (including the objectification of women), but not one you'd ever want to watch again. I did smile at the label on the soda bottles (which feature prominently in the film) that read 'Because fuck water.'

Friday 17 May 2019

The Quake (Norway 2018: Dir John Andreas Andersen)

"I can't even imagine the nightmare you have been through. But that doesn't mean disasters follow you." Sadly for Kristian Eikjord (Kristoffer Joner) - but happily for the viewer - that's not the case here. Fans of disaster movies will hopefully have caught Roar Uthaug's 2015 movie The Wave, which depicted the story of the 85 foot high tsunami that swept through the Norwegian fjord town of Geiranger taking the lives of 248 people, and was remarkable not only for its special effects but also the care taken to depict, with levels of integrity not normally seen in this genre, the world of the characters affected by the event.

The Quake is set three years after the Geiranger disaster. Eikjord, the worried geologist who had predicted the arrival of the tsunami in The Wave, returns, with his wife Idun (Ane Dahl Torp), son Sondre (Jonas Hoff Oftebro) and daughter Julia (Edith Haagenrud-Sande). However the family are not together. Idun and the kids have relocated to Oslo, while Kristian, clearly suffering from PTSD, has remained in Geiranger 310 kilometres away, still finding it difficult to come to terms with the human loss of the tsunami, even though he was responsible for saving the lives of many, including his family.

When his friend and fellow geologist Konrad Linblom dies in a tunnel collapse just outside the city, Kristian travels to Oslo, and finds in Lindblom's apartment both his daughter Marit (Kathrine Thorborg Johansen) and a huge amount of research, which concludes that the Norwegian capital is about to experience a massive earthquake. Kristian's recent mental health issues mean that - surprise, surprise - his protestations about imminent disaster fall on deaf ears with the authorities. Kristian reunites with his family just in time for them to be separated again as disaster strikes the city.

The quake hits in, er, The Quake
Like The Wave before it, the actual disaster in The Quake is relatively brief, but unlike the previous movie, which became a little hesitant post tsunami, this film builds on the tension of the earthquake and never lets up for a minute afterwards. The Quake has all the standard elements of the disaster movie; the maverick who was right all along; the authorities who don't want to believe him; the sacrificial expert whose death is the key to the unfolding of events; the estranged family reunited over tragedy. But Andersen handles these cliches expertly, making them crucial elements of the movie rather than a series of eye rolling moments.

Kristoffer Joner is suitably addled as Eikjord, his unswerving conviction about his theories believably battling with the need to be with his family (there a lovely scene near the beginning of the film where Julia comes to stay, only to be sent home again as Kristian realises that he's not fit to be a parent to her). The family are all well cast but special praise must be given to Edith Haagenrud-Sande as Julia; her wide eyed and artless performance, capturing in her face what it means to live with separated parents, is exceptional.

And when disaster strikes, the special effects are phenomenal, made more spectacular by the sparing use of them. Andersen knows that shots of collapsing office blocks, parks and streets will only have a lasting impact if they're framed by very human stories, and this he achieves. The Quake may not have the ending you were expecting; it's a disaster movie that doesn't always play by the rules, which makes it unmissable.

The Quake is out on HD and DVD from 20th May 2019.

Wednesday 15 May 2019

Highlights of Paracinema Festival, Derby, May 2019: Reviews of Zeroes (USA 2018), Fuck You All: the Uwe Boll Story (Canada/USA 2018), Knife + Heart (France/Mexico/Switzerland 2018), Diamantino (Portugal/France/Brazil 2018), Bearkittens (Germany 2018), Fornacis (Réunion/France 2019), Far from the Apple Tree (UK 2019) and VIPCO: The Untold Story (UK 2019)


Derby's Paracinema Festival is now in its second year (it was previously held under the 'Fantastiq' banner), although this is the first time it has cut anchor from the main Derby Film Festival, of which it used to be a part. Paracinema is, as the programming team describe it, "dedicated to films and genres outside the mainstream." Here are some of the new films that screened at the Festival this year.

Zeroes (USA 2018: Dir Charles Smith) The city of Philadelphia is no stranger to being utilised as a movie location, not least in the eponymous 1993 movie by Jonathan Demme. The latest film to use the US's sixth most populous city - and to capture some of its quirky feel - is Charles Smith's Zeroes, a frequently funny and sometimes hilarious send up of superhero movies, which feels like a less misanthropic version of James (Guardians of the Galaxy) Gunn's 2010 outing Super.

Friends Ray and Kenneth (John McKeever and Ryan Farrell) find themselves drunk in a convenience store after leaving a costume party, dressed identically as ninjas. Somehow they manage to foil a hold up in the shop, and their clumsy but effective disarming of the robber ends up on the local TV station, where local newsreader Kate (Katrina Law) mistakenly identifies the pair as Muslim women via CCTV footage. Deciding, with the aid of Kenneth's workmate Gary (Ely Henry) - who just happens to be loaded - to become crime fighters (aided by costumes put together from accessories half inched from the Sports shop where Ray works), they decide to track down the elusive Shuylkill Strangler who has been offing people across the city. But they cut their teeth dealing with more minor misdemeanors, including public urination and a supposed vehicle attack which turns out to be a couple enjoying noisy car sex. And all the while Kate, who has an on/off relationship with Kenneth, is trying to identify the identities of Philadelphia's masked crime fighters, not knowing how near to home she needs to look.

Zeroes hits the ground running and rarely pauses for breath; some sharp characterisation - McKeever, Farrell and Henry are a superb mix of silliness and charm, tempered by Law's careerist TV anchor - and rather wicked sideswipes at Philadelphia life complement a script that is as witty verbally as its frequent sight gags. Ok it's not exactly pushing the envelope concept wise (probably best not to mention the Kick-Ass movies) but it's more often than not laugh out loud funny and I can't wait to see it again; the good news is that Smith has put together financing for his next movie, also a comedy, and I'll be in line for that too.

Fuck You All: The Uwe Boll Story (Canada/USA 2018: Dir Sean Patrick Shaul) My mother told me that swearing wasn't big or clever; it seems that Mr Boll never received similar parental advice, and judging by the character that comes across in this documentary, about one of cinema's most loathed directors, even if he did he would have told his folks where to stick it.

For even the most die hard fans of exploitation film, the mention of Uwe Boll's name is likely to strike fear into the heart; his reputation is such that there was once an on line petition to get him to stop making movies. Shaul's documentary was the chance to present a different face of the director to an audience who perhaps want to believe he can't be all bad. Sadly I think he is, despite the protestations from his wife that he's a pussycat really. Well not bad exactly - there are plenty of testimonials from actors and crew that respected his no-nonsense ways - but there is an overriding frustration from those interviewed that he makes a better producer (ie dealmaker) than director. It's tempting to comment that the clips of his films are selected to look bad out of context of the whole movie, but having sat through more than my fair share of Boll-ocks that just isn't the case. I'd heard that his more recent output, to which I've not been exposed, is more competent, but the documentary clips of his 2011 film Auschwitz, which seems to make The Producers look like an exercise in good taste, left me unconvinced (I've since seen the film and it's putrid).

I'm not entirely sure why this documentary exists; it does nothing to improve Boll's image, and I may be getting old, but offensive is offensive. The inclusion of a section from the infamous 2006 'Boll Boxes His Critics' may be seen as funny (and what were they thinking, getting in the ring with a known pugilist?)  but by the end of Fuck You All, I just wanted him to fuck off.

Knife + Heart (France/Mexico/Switzerland 2018: Dir Yann Gonzalez) Vanessa Paradis has been landing some great roles in recent years, finally shrugging off the 'Joe Le Taxi' years with quirky performances in films like The Key (2007), Fading Gigolo (2013) and Frost (2017). Here Paradis plays Anne Parèze, a director of gay porn films in late 1970s (ie pre HIV) Paris. Anne is still reeling from a rejection by her ex lover Lois over her drinking, and forms a relationship of sorts with Nans, a construction worker who she wants to star in her films. However Lois is also her editor - awkward - and so Anne is still constantly in contact with her.

Meanwhile a masked, black gloved killer is despatching various of Anne's cast in porn-y ways (an enormous black dildo/flick knife for example), which gives her an idea for a new film, 'Homocidal' and a plan to track down the killer.

Gonzalez's film is, as the description above probably indicates, wholly in thrall to giallo movies. With a colour palette heavy on the reds and blues, and both the killer and their modus operandi coming straight from the cinematic pages of Lamberto Bava and Dario Argento, it wears its influences fairly publicly. Clearly the movie wants to be edgy, with its gay porn setting, but content wise it's less shocking than it thinks it is. Paradis' character is really something though; a lesbian maker of gay porn whose obsession with her ex lover taints everything that she does. Like some of the films from which it takes its influences, it's rather a case of style over substance, but its stunningly shot and its sinuous camera prowls the sets in true giallo style.

Diamantino (Portugal/France/Brazil 2018: Dir Gabriel Abrantes, Daniel Schmidt) 'Astonishingly confident, funny and visually outrageous' were the first words I jotted down after leaving the screening of Abrantes and Schmidt's first collaborative directorial effort.

Carloto Cotta, in a stunning performance that will be hard to be beat this year, plays dim as ditchwater but uber talented football player Diamantino Matamouros, a Portuguese star striker who critically misses a penalty in a cup final and becomes a national whipping boy as a result. Things are no better at home either, as grasping Shakespearean evil twin sisters Sonia and Natasha (Anabela Moreira and Margarida Moreira) castigate him for cutting off their money supply, accidentally killing their father in a fit of pique while raging at their ill luck. Diamantino meanwhile looks mournfully to his future, the only bright points in life being his cat Mittens and his involvement in the rescue of a boat full of refugees while out on his yacht, which triggers a decision that he'd like to adopt a 'fugee' of his own.

A pair of Secret Service personnel who just happen to be lesbian lovers, Lucia and Aisha (Maria Leite and Cleo Tavares), are charged with looking into Diamantino's financial affairs. They concoct a plan to insert Aisha, who is black, into his home by posing as a (male) refugee up for adoption, although the relationship between the two looks set to be more than friendship. Meanwhile Sonia and Natasha have done a deal with a chem company, in exchange for hard cash, to offer up Diamantino in a cloning experiment with the hope that multiple versions of the football player will act as spokespersons for a 'leave the EU' campaign!

Diamantino is an explosion of genres and styles that appears camp and flimsy but betrays a more steely heart. It's both knowing and naive, its over-the-topness redolent of classic Almdovar. Visually the film is sumptuous and the quirks, from Diamantino's spirit dogs who run with him on the pitch in a pink fog, to the breasts that grow on the football player as a by-product of the cloning process (which corresponds with Aisha strapping herself in to pass herself off as male), the movie frequently threatens to fall apart but the directorial hands are steady; Diamantino is never less than a joy to watch, and if the ending isn't perhaps as polymorphously perverse as one might like, it's otherwise pretty close to genius.

Bearkittens (Germany 2018: Dir Lars Henriks) Henriks' (real surname Kokemüller) last movie, 2017's Leon Must Die, was a surprise hit of last year's Paracinema Festival, a sci-fiesque two hander (with co-writer and partner Nisan Arkan) which I described as The Terminator meets Before Sunrise. The pair are now back with the more ambitious Bearkittens, featuring an all female cast who are in reality mainly students of Kokemüller's film class.

Petra is a newbie team leader responsible for taking a group of young delinquent girls, all doing community service, on a big litter pick in the forest. As well as the 'Keep Germany Tidy' aim of the weekend, it's also a chance for the girls to bond with each other - they'll be camping out under the stars. Of course none of the troop want to be there and Petra's well meaning attempts to encourage the girls to get along fail dismally. It can only be a matter of time before disaster strikes.

Bearkittens aims for quite a bit in its slender 72 minute running time. The characters of the seven girls are developed carefully (including a backstory for each that tells us how they got to be doing community service), in addition to which is Bearkittens' own storyline, where the delinquents have to pull together to cover up an accidental death. The comedy is more character driven than pratfall derived, and Arkan's script does well to avoid the cast feeling a little, well, generic.

But the standout performance of the piece is Stefanie Borbe as Petra. She's a great comic creation, a team leader who we know from the beginning of the movie, via an interview with her employer, probably isn't tough enough to handle her charges and is most likely in the wrong job. But Petra remains optimistic, driven by self help books and a big dollop of niceness. Borbe captures the character perfectly, her mouth smiling constantly as her eyes narrow in panic, totally out of her depth as she tries to encourage everyone to get along. She is the best thing in this; Kokemüller and Arkan are definitely a partnership to watch, and Bearkittens is fun while it lasts.

Fornacis (Reunion/France 2019: Dir Aurélia Mengin) Whoa, this is a toughie. Inspired by the loss of a friend of the director, who is also the central character, Fornacis is overridingly the study of grief, and the state after the loss of a loved one where time stands still and the world takes on an unreal feeling.

Anya (Mengin) is a woman in the depths of grief, bereft at the loss of an unnamed woman (glimpsed throughout the film) who may have been a lover or a close friend. Anya hangs out in bars (the 'Fornacis' of the title), drives aimlessly around the countryside, and has meaningless sex while in her numbed state; her only companion on these journeys is an urn, presumably containing her friends' ashes. Scenes where little happens extend to breaking point; audience patience is severely tested. there's no conclusion as such, although Anya starts to grow what looks like a protective rock type covering on her skin. She ends up splayed on the side of a volcano where she finally seems to be at peace.

Mengin is best known for her short films - Fornacis is her first feature - and is certainly a challenging watch (it was the only film of the festival where I witnessed walkouts). Mengin is a visual artist and she uses her body as an extension of her grief; the film is largely silent. Fornacis has an eighties feel in its colour palette and use of neon, nodding to more modern giallo movies, but it's infinitely stranger than that. It's been a huge hit at many European film festivals and its undeniably a work of great passion. Perhaps it just sat a little too awkwardly with the rest of the Paracinema programme, but I found the whole thing a little too self consciously artistic and pompous, even though I didn't doubt the sincerity of the filmmaker.

Far From the Apple Tree (UK 2019: Dir Grant McPhee) McPhee's first features were his 2013 movie Sarah's Room and 2017's Night Kaleidoscope, both rather arty affairs with elliptical plots. His latest is a little more narratively coherent, old fashioned even, while still maintaining his trademark oddness. It's the story of  Judith (Sorcha Groundsell), a young artist just starting off in her career, who gets noticed at a gallery opening by the artist whose works are on display. The artist in question is Roberta Roslyn (Victoria Ridelle) and before we know it, Roberta has asked Judith to give it all up and come and work for her as a live in archivist.

Given free access to the house, it's not long after Judith begins documenting the enormous amount of film and media objects collected by Roslyn that she notices the image of a strange woman on some strips of celluloid. She finds out that this is the artist's daughter, missing presumed dead and who, oddly, looks uncannily like Judith. Despite Roslyn's protestations that it's merely coincidence, Judith comes to concludes that there is more to her employment than she first thinks.

There are hints of Rebecca and even Gaslight in From the Apple Tree's narrative; the ingenue artist, the controlling superficially polite houseowner; hell there's even a sinister housekeeper. The accumulation of media, offering a fractured account of Roslyn's real story, feels terribly on point (there's a Pixelvision camera offering a heavily distorted view of the world, a device I last saw 25 years ago in Michael Almereyda's 1994 movie Nadja) but this is really just window dressing to mask the rather overcooked story underneath. I never really bought the fact that Judith was seemingly unable to escape the house, making the ending, with its hints of inevitability and even circularity, a little hard to take. But Far from the Apple Tree is elegantly made, well acted if all rather polite. It's like a team time TV serial from the 1970s with a little added peril.

VIPCO The Untold Story (UK 2019: Dir Jason Impey). I know that this is a 2019 film because the director had only finished the (two hour) cut of the film two nights before it was due to be screened at the Festival.

Impey's documentary is arguably more interesting because of its context to it and the circumstances of its filming. Video Instant Picture Company (or VIPCO for short) were one of the first companies - along with Guild Home Video and Go Video, to exploit the incredible rise in popularity of the VHS recorder at the beginning of the 1980s. The head of the 'company' (originally just one young man and a couple of mates) was Michael Lee, a wheeler dealer who'd already had one or two brushes with the law over pirating issues, who set up VIPCO to feed public demand for video cassettes.

This period of home viewing history is popularly called the 'wild west' years, before the spectre of the 1984 Video Recordings Act, when companies would flood the market with a range of titles obtained from various borderline legal sources; ironically Lee was pursuing the entrepreneurial vision espoused by Margaret thatcher's Conservative party at the time - he'd just chosen the 'wrong' product.  Lee had happened upon a number of horror imports (including Abel Ferrara's Driller KillerPsychic Killer and The Slayer), in which he personally didn't have much interest. He converted them to VHS, added some lurid imagery to the box, and sold them on at inflated prices to video shops who were happy to pay the high purchase price because they could make their money back, and then some, on rental costs. Lee's empire grew inexorably to the point where in his third trading year he was driving round in a sports car, having bought sets of wheels for his growing sales force. The bottom fell out of the business during the 'video nasties' scandal, Lee avoiding a custodial sentence by the skin of his teeth, but he'd already made so much money that it was just a case of riding the storm. Sadly Lee didn't have a feel (or interest) in his product, so when he finally resurfaced in the early 2000s, reissuing his films on DVD, very often cut to comply with the BBFC rating now required on every release (but without cleaning up the prints), he was out of step with an increasing interest among collectors wanting better quality releases - the world had moved on.

Impey's slightly rough and ready documentary - he knows that more work is needed and at two hours includes a lot of repetition which could be excised - is nevertheless a fascinating story. Sadly its principal character now has Alzheimer's so recollections were patchy - a personal tragedy which led to the closedown of the business in 2007 has also taken its toll. The rest of the doc is fleshed out with various talking heads, mostly from academia, who were often too young to have been born or old enough to remember the golden days of video.

But it's a uniquely British rags to riches story of someone who was in the right place at the right time. Lee wasn't an expert but as a working class guy he was happy to deal in a media form that was very much frowned upon by the middle classes at the time but which netted him colossal profits and, as a 26 year old in business, gave him a life that he could never have expected. And the bigger story here is that Lee, and other companies like VIPCO, introduced Euro horror to a wider audience without perhaps really knowing what they were importing. Without Lee and his fellow entrepreneurs, who knows what the horror landscape would be like now?

Book of Monsters (UK 2018: Dir Stewart Sparke) Well they saved the best till last then. Sparke's UK update of Buffy the Vampire Slayer also plays like Hollyoaks meets Evil Dead II.

Young Sophie is turning 18 and wants to hold a small party for herself and a few mates. But her more socially adroit friends Mona and Beth have other ideas, and so after the whole school receives an invitation, her birthday party becomes Project X lite with Sophie's house creaking at the seams with guests she doesn't recognise; one of these is a sultry woman in a red dress who grabs the nearest virginal looking boy and takes him to one of the bedrooms.

You guessed it (or maybe you didn't); the lady in red is the latest bodily incarnation of a shape shifting demon who swaps bodies like other people change underwear, and she's about to sacrifice a virgin to unleash a deadly force. Up until now, Sophie's biggest problem is how to let her friend and classmate Jess know that she fancies her, but now she has to contend with a house full of monsters. But we know from a prologue that Sophie has been groomed for monster battler status, courtesy of 'The Book of Monsters,' an ancient tome owned and passed on by her mother (also a demon vanquisher) which contains details of what she'll have to face and how to smite her foes.

Book of Monsters moves at a breakneck pace and rarely lets up. It's funny in a broad way, the action is well choreographed and Sparke does well to keep up the tension while largely focusing the action on a Leeds semi detached. The creature battling sails very close to some of the set pieces in Gremlins, but there are some great bitchy put downs throughout which always brings the movie back to its cast of resourceful Northern teens (well teenish), and a bevy of great practical effects.

I'll not spoil the ending, but let's just say that a sequel is doable, but I'd go further than that and say 'essential' (and I'm generally not one for sequels). Lyndsey Craine, who was in Sparke's first feature The Creature Below back in 2016, is excellent as the resourceful Sophie, and there's admirable support from Michaela Longden and Lizzie Stanton as Mona and Beth. Great fun.

Saturday 11 May 2019

Birds of Passage aka Pájaros de verano (Colombia 2018: Dir Ciro Guerra, Cristina Gallego)

Guerra and Gallego's last film, as director and producer respectively, was 2015's Embrace of the Serpent, a fabulous magic realist search along the Amazon for a healing plant. The luminous black and white of that movie has been replaced by a more vivid colour palette, and Gallego has moved to joint director duties for their latest feature.

Spanning a twelve year period between 1968 and 1980 and with their usual mix of professional and non-professional actors, Birds of Passage tells the apparently true (not quite) rags to (gaudy) riches story of two tribes in northern Colombia, and the impact on their traditions and beliefs as the result of an influx of money. The cause of the sudden wealth growth is drugs - initially entrepreneurially trafficked to satisfy the needs of visiting entitled young Americans, it soon becomes a lucrative industry which brings with it waves of paranoia among the gun wielding distributors.

At the heart of this story is Rapayet (Jose Acosta) who when we first meet him has expressed an interest in marrying Zaida (Natalia Reyes), a girl from the Wayúu tribe. Zaida's mother Úrsula (Carmiña Martínez), unimpressed with the proposed match, insists on a hefty dowry of goats, cows and necklaces - presumably to put him off. Rapayet, who has no means of meeting the requirement, happens on a plan to raise cash, when some young Americans visiting the country as part of the Peace Corps look to score some cannabis. Rapayet calls in some favours to supply the drugs, and before you know it, he's the head of a narcotics operation that introduces money - and guns - to the previously relatively poor but stable communities, along with his reckless friend Moisés (Jhon Narváez).

We follow Rapayet and Zaida as their empire grows; the clothes get swankier, and the argent flows freely, while tensions between the families escalate. Respect is increasingly called into question, until the increasingly jittery Moises believes that the people buying the drugs are also dealing with some of their competitors, and so kills them. This leads to a quick escalation of all out war between the tribes, murder being forbidden among their members.

Told in five 'cantos' covering the period of the film, it's the impact of the sudden injection of wealth into the families over nearly a decade that fuels the movie, and the souring of traditional values in pursuit of respect, that has led some critics to offer comparisons to The Godfather. It's an interesting one, and I can see the relevance - both films deal with structured families who struggle to reconcile wealth and prosperity with the ties of kinship - but this movie also recalls Martin Scorsese's Goodfellas in its story of people whose material aspirations outstrip their morality, and who lose the sense of themselves in the pursuit of wealth, while also filtering a Spaghetti Western use of arid landscape, and even elements of Greek tragedy in its storytelling.

The strongest elements of Birds of Passage are those where mysticism meets modernity, with some of Embrace's strong imagery showing through once again. It's unfair to compare both movies, but I found this film's collapsing of time a little forced within its two hours, and the trademark 70s threads as emblems of wealth a little obvious. Guerra and Gallego's latest is well told and often gripping, but it sometimes lacks the finesse and wonder of their previous effort.